A Business Plan for Just In Time Caring Ltd.

A Business Plan for Just In Time Caring Ltd. CONTENTSExecutive SummaryObjectivesMissionKeys to Success judicature Summary smart set OwnershipLocation and FacilitiesServicesManagement SummaryMarket AnalysisTarget MarketOther Service ProvidersContact USEXECUTIVE thickJUST IN TIME CARING LTD is health and guard Consultancy designed to help reduce accidents at work, increase productivity, enhance employee esprit de corps and help businesses to retain high quality employees.Proper Risk Management is about practical steps to protect people from real harm, not bureaucratic back covering. JITCL keeping in mind the need of work place health and safety in United Kingdom, entrust offer professional go to every size of business no matter from a small shop to corporate clients.OBJECTIVESThe objectives of JITCL areEstablish healthy and safe systems of work for employees. annex revenue, by expanding the Target Market to nearby bailiwicks in quarter 4 of Year 1.Increase client base, by getting efficient and effective market Strategy.Implement new advertising campaign.To generate sufficient profit to finance future upraiseth and to provide the resources needed to achieve the other(a) objectives of the party and its owner.To grow the business at a rate that is both challenging and manageable, leading the market with innovation and adaptabilityMISSIONThe short term objective is to start this company quickly and inexpensively, with a minimum of debt.The long term objective is to grow the company into a stable and profitable entity that the owner can easily and comfortably manage.KEYS TO SUCCESSJITCLs keys to success and critical factors for the next three years areDevelopment and implementation of a successful marketing strategy/ invention to employers.Recruitment of experienced medical and administrative talent.Commitment to continuously improve the quality of service.Demonstrate a financial return on investment.Commitment from elderberry bush ManagementORGANISATION S UMMARYJUST IN TIME CARING LTD is committed to providing customized services to meet the occupational health and safety needs of area businesses and industries in its target market. JITCL is based on the belief that healthy employees are more productive and efficient. For this reason, it provides wellness strategies and programs to businesses. This combines promotion of total healthbody, mind and spiritdesigned to aid controlling lifestyle changes of a companys work force.COMPANY OWNERSHIPJUST IN TIME CARING LTD was established in February 2014. The company is located in cast and was established by Mr Mohammad Atiq.Mr Mohammad Atiq is an active director and 100% shareholder in the company. He is entitled occupational Health Adviser. Mr Atiq holds a degree in Occupational Health and Safety from Cardiff Metropolitan University. Being a graduate and having experience in this case, he has an aptitude to deliver remarkable skills in his diverse field to make a space for himself and hi s company. LOCATION AND FACILITIESJITCL provides services between 9-5 7 days a week. The office hours are 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday.JITCL will look to offer Health and Safety programs at the employers body of work, once the minimum employee participation requirements are met.JITCLs Head stain is currently located at 150 WELLINGTON STREET, SLOUGH, SL1 1RP. The Company will work from the customers workplace, depending on the need of the customer.SERVICESJITCL is convinced that the well-being of client/company is imperative to the health of our community. JITCL understands that accidents, illnesses, and sick days directly extend to business efficiency, morale and profit. Maintaining healthy employees translates into a more productive work force. JITCL exists to encourage employees to set personal health improvement goals while reinforcing good principles.We will develop a strategy with each customer so that it best suits the needs of each individual employer. The program will be d esigned to facilitate positive lifestyle changes in a companys employees. Our services will include (but are not limited to) the followingInspection of workplace areas to ensure compliance with health and safety legislation.Preparing health and safety policies and procedure.Assessing the work environment.Managing Risk at the workplace.Managing Major Industrial Accidents.Managing Occupational Accidents.Assessing the workplace safety and report to management with recommendation on reducing risk at workplace.Our program will aim to help companies achieve the following goalsReduce employee healthcare costs. modify health and safety in the workplace.Increase productivity.Enhance employee morale.Retain high quality employees.Create a positive return on investment.MANAGEMENT SUMMARYThe management team will initially consist ofMr. Mohammad Atiq who is a Cardiff Metropolitan MSC Occupational Health and Safety graduate.MARKET ANALYSISCompanies are more often than not categorized in the foll owing mannerHome Office Businesses consisting 1-5 employees.Small Businesses 5-50 employeesMedium Businesses 50 500 employeesLarge Businesses -500+ employeesAll employers, whatever the size of the business, moldiness have the health and safety policy in place and its a continuous cycle that requires further improvements and implementation of new regulations of Health and Safety Law. The below cycle best describes itRef http//www.snh.org.uk/uplandpathmanagement/3.1.shtmlTARGET MARKETCurrently the target market for JITCL will be the Small Businesses or the Home Office Businesses. The Reason for this being that most such business do not recognize that they have the need for our services yet, or are just outset out and need a service such as ours.After a couple of years and having built a client base, JITCL can thusly look to approaching Medium and large businesses and tailoring our marketing and sales strategy for this.OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERSCurrently, there seems to be only few o ther companies that are providing the same services within a 10 mile radius. This means that there is ample opportunity to grow as there is insufficiency of competition. The other companies under the Health Safety Consultancy are searched over the internet and listed belowOur Rivals in the businessHealth Grace10 Canada Rd, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 1SETel 07865 988957New Linc health care Services335a High St, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 1TXTel 01753 535921Anntara Management LtdP.O Box 3563, Slough, Berkshire, SL3 3BTTel 07831 512528Aline Associates28 Fairfield Rd, Burnham, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 8AHTel 01628 663722Prisma Associates LtdWoodfield Taplow Common Rd, Burnham, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 8LPTel 01628 602791REFERENCEhttp//www.yell.com/ucs/UcsSearchAction.do?keywords=health++safety+consultantslocation=SL1+1RPscrambleSeed=89257880searchType=M=bandedclarifyResults=ssm=1autocomplete=kw

Slavery In USA And Serfdom In Russia

buckle downry In USA And Serfdom In RussiaSla rattling, condition in which one human cosmos is owned by an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)1, has been part of countless civilizations since the dawn of Mankind. From the fields and mines of Ancient Mesopotamia, through with(predicate) great Rome and sophistic Greece, and any the way until just tho a vitamin C ago in America and Russia, bondage was a basic foundation of the society. In its beginning, and several times since, slaves were kept almost as family members, but broadly they were sic to do the hard, physical regulate. hard workerry was everlastingly weld together with the economy of the owners, be it civilians or the monarch crown.Even today round slaveholding still exists. We might hear and read about evil criminality referred to as human trafficking, force prostitution, child soldiers, forced and bonded labour and the use of children in international drug trade, children labour2. Also Conservative estimates ind icate that at least 27million deal, in places as diverse as Nigeria, Indonesia and Brazil, live in conditions of forced bondage3. International organizations like the UN, with its Anti-Slavery Commission, still manage to abolish these new(a) remains of slavery. In our everyday life language we tend to say that we ar slaves of our work, our money or some other materialistic need. Fortunately slavery in its ancient and medieval context has been abolished in practically the whole world.Serfdom, condition in medieval atomic number 63 in which a tenant farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of his landlord4, disaccords principally from slavery in the fact that serfs obtained their subsistence by cultivating a plot of land that was owned by a lord. The reason for then comparing serfhood in the Russian Empire with slavery in the USA lies in the fact that in 18th- and first half of 19th ascorbic acid Russia the nobility, the Dvoryanstvo, possessed the power to p ractically do everything they wanted with their serfs. This power was identical to the slave owners in the Southern States of America, in addition in the 18th- and 19th one C. This essay aims at showing how fundamentally different the Ameri good deal and Russian society was, and, ironically, how both contained unfree human beings in miserable conditions. The difficult conditions will be looked at too, and the interesting difference that can be found when comparing the fall of slavery and serfdom will be given some attention. The research question is then What were the simmilarities and differences between slavery in the USA and serfdom in the Russian Empire? The topic is worthy of investigation since the effects of slavery and serfdom still affect people reenforcement in the USA and Russia today.The United States of AmericaThe refreshed WorldOn October 12, 1492, when Columbus (1451-1506) reached land in the westmost Indies for the first time and met the indigenous people there, he made oddly m all notations in his log book. ()they native people indicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador Columbus named the island so to capture them they defend themselves the best they can. I swear that people from the mainland come here to take them as slaves5. Columbus log indicates that the Native American civilizations already consisted of some sort of slavery, unless Columbus own beseech to scram slaves of them made him mis under(a)stand what they were trying to tell him. Columbus thinking like this is not unreasonable, considering what we can read further in the log They ought to oblige good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them and, perhaps most surprisingly I could conquer the whole of them with 50 men, and mold them as I pleased. This was day one, not counting the days it took to sail to this new-fangled land, and already some sort of prediction about the future of the new continent could be draw n, like in a novel consisting of foreshadowing.This was the beginning of the colonization of the West Indies, and later, the whole Northern- and Southern American continent. Portugal, Britain and France soon joined the scene, and successfully conquered and established themselves in the New World. Because of the cruel enslavement and barbaric behavior of the Spanish conquistadors, but mainly due to the unexpected European diseases like smallpox, typhus, influenza, diphtheria and measles, thereby killing millions upon millions of people6of the Indians. The tragic result of these biological genocides was the need for more workers, workers that would be found in Africa, and from there be brought to America.The Transatlantic Slave changeThe Bible says that the root of all evil is the love lust for money7. This was the case with the Transatlantic Slave Trade, a fundamental part of the Triangle Trade. This trade locomote slaves from Central and Western Africa across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies current Caribbean Islands, Brazil and North-America. It is estimated that about 9.4-12million Africans arrived in the New World from Africa. These were from Ghana and Nigeria, Congol and Angola. They were sold by West African kings and leaders, who often were put on the throne by the European traders themselves The principal European traders took active part in installing kings who they judged would favour their activities disregardless of whether such kings were acceptable to their subjects8. Kings sent military expeditions against nearby tribes, captured their people and sold them to the Portuguese. The Portuguese acted out of personal, but also Spanish, need for slaves9.10A collection of Africans captured by African slave market suppliers.After being captured, most Africans were obscure from their families, men, women and children alike. They were then forced to walk hundreds of kilometres in order to reach the Slave Coast in West Africa, and the Atlantic Ocea n. After arrival there, they were stowed together on ships like animals, with almost no place to even turn around, triping for weeks among the filth of vomit-filled tubs, blood, urin, children crying, women shrieking and the dying groaning in despair. They could feel the stench of death spreading throughout the whole ship. These were the horrors of the Midlle Passage.11At any attempt of rebel or resurrection terrible reprisals were carried out, like on the American ship Kentucky in 1844 where 46 men and one woman were hanged, tortured and mutilated and shot in the breast and the bodies thrown overboardsometimes they shot at the body piece of music it still hung living, and all kinds of sport was made of the business12. One can imagine that the poor survivors of these atrocities asked themselves if the situation could get worse.Nations like Holland, Britain, France and Spain followed up the Portuguese in the triangular trade. When arriving in America the slaves, who were in much smaler numbers than at departure, were sold profitably in auctions and the money was used to by sugar , tobacco and cotton fiber. These raw materials were transported back to the individual countries of Europe and construct there. Sugar became rum, cotton textiles, and the tobacco used. To maintain this buisness slave transport ships were sent to West Africa again with products from Europe that were desirable for the merchants and leaders that were settled there.The 13 colonies and slaveryBritain, one of the superior colonising nations, had several colonies all around America from British Honduras Honduras in the south to Newfoundland in the north. 13 of these colonies had settled together like neighbours on the North-American continent. These colonies did not differ from others in the matter of slavery. Also here a master could enjoy absolute rights over his property13. Two of the earliest established colonies, Virginia (1607) and Maryland (1632), were especially determined to repress the blacks, both free and slave. This was mainly due to fear of slave insurrectons, like e.g at St. Domingo Haiti. Laws and codes were created, restricting assemblies of black slaves, forbidding escape and travel without pass (Virginia,1705). Any kind of violence against the white owner(s) (or any other white person for that sake) allowed the owner to correct such a slave very physically, and also, if the slave died during this correction, no punishment towards the owner existed. It was ()as if such accident never happened.14(Virginia,1705). Anti miscegenation laws were established (Maryland, 1664), not allowing sexual relations or union between people of different races Declared unconstitutional in 1967. The penalty for such inter-racial marriages was that the white women who had succumbed to this terrible act, would lawfully become a slave herself, and so any children that she might give birth to. To bear firearm (unless allowed by the owner for protection against the Ind ians) and witness in court proceedings against any but other blacks was il jural too (Virginia,1639 and Virginia,1705), as well as any excercisement in any ecclesiastic church, civil or military office (Virginia,1705). Convertion to Christianity through baptism did not change civil rights either (Virginia,1667).Noteably, greatest influence was played by the above partly mentioned Slave Codes of 1705. These subsequently came to serve as models for the other colonies. It was because of these Slave Codes that slaves would be considered by the law as real e put up, property, a thing.Due to lack of co-operation and stubborness from the British Parliament and King in former taxual matters concerning the 13 colonies, militia of the New England colony surrounded the city of Boston on April 18th 1775. The attack was a result of a confiscation and arrestation attempt in capital of New Hampshire15. Armed clashes between the British troops and the colonies began the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). The Second Continental Congress met the same year. This Congress formed the Continental army and fought the British Army. What is highly relevant to my research question is what the Second Continental Congress did but a year after its gathering. They wrote and signed the most central act in American history, on July 4th 1776. It was the United States Declaration of Independence.Second Continental Congress16In the second sentence of this document we finger the famous wordsWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. One could assume that this clear separation from Imperial England and forming of a new nation based upon such beautiful words and honorable ideals moldiness eat up contributed directly towards abolishment of slavery in the United States of America. The great paradox is that it didnt. Yes, th e Revolutional ideas helped the Quakers together with Tomas Jefferson and Luther Martin in their pro-abolishment fight, resulting in illegalisation of slave trade in New York and Pennsylvania, but not much more. South Carolina temporarily illegalized the trade, succession Massachusetts were hypocritical in their law by only prohibiting slave trade directly from Africa. Eli Whitneys cotton gin invention strenghtened the economic foundation of slavery in the Southern states and restored the African slave trade in North-America. Apparantly the former made changes affects did not last long. Officially only South Carolina had restored the slave trade, but the rest of the States smuggled in slaves and used them as well.The Bill of Rights (1789), the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution from 1787, guaranteed the white people in the United States that The Congress shal make no Law respecting the Establishment of Religion, or prohibiting the free Exercise thereof or abridging the Fre edom of Speech, or of the Press, or to the Right of the People peaceably assemble17. Through this they layed down a democratic foundation and example for the whole modern world. The United States should have been quite perfect, only that the great paradoxal and moral problem of slavery due to racism persisted.The Russian EmpirePart of the cultureRussia as a nation has gone through many changes throughout its history. The Kievan Rus state, which started in the 880s, contained the predecessors of several Slav people and is the oldest Russia we know of. Prince Vladimir (978-1015), a successor of the Kievan Rus crown, converted to Christianity and eastern Orthodoxy. It was through this conversion and acceptance of Eastern Orthodoxic religion that the Byzantine culture, statecraft and art came to Kievan Rus. These three were mixed with the Slavs culture and thereby created traditions which influenced the rise of the Russian haughty state18. Russias autocratic system in the 19th century was therefore quite old.The medieval state of Kievan Rus disintergrated in the end though, kickoff to divide into principalities in the 12th century because of domestic conflicts. The Mongol-Tartar invasion, starting with an attack in 1223, did not improve the situation. The Mongol-Tartars destroyed Kiev along with many other cities at the time, so that many of the Slav people, mainly peasants, became homeless and had no choice but to move and settle on the land of wealthy Russian princes and nobles. A starting serfdom was therefore partially one of the consequences of the Mongol-Tartar invasion. The peasants-serfs, became attached and dependent upon the mercy of higher ranked Russians.As the Mongol-Tartars power diminished, especially with the defeat at the employment of Kulikovo (1380), the grand princes of Muscovy Moscow, had created a strong and wealthy Grand Duchy. Ivan III (ruled 1462-1505), one of the most successful grand princes there, was the first Muscovite ruler to us e the titles of tsar and Ruler of all Rus. He had the right to claim it, Muscovy trippled in size under his rule. In order to keep strict order and reject any smaller princes who claimed to rule specific territories, Ivan the III forced all lesser princes, the nobility, to acknowledge him the sole and unquestionable ruler of Muscovy. This would also count for his heirs.Ivan IV19The constitution of the very powerful and autocratic tsardom came to exist. With Ivan IV, grandson of the III, the word autocratic was no longer only a property of an independent ruler, it came to mean un hold ined rule. Between 1565 and 1572, under Tsar Ivan the IV the Terrible, none in Muscovys prosperous and important district was safe. The Tsar, for uncertain reasons, started killing advisers, government officials and the aristocrats (boyars/nobles) The peasants started moving away in fear their problems with unpayed taxes. In order to prevent them from moving, the Tsar started binding them to the land, bringing the russian peasantry closer and closer to legal serfdom.Boris Godunov20The consequence of such a fools rule was constant loony bin from 1598 to 1613. Despite the frequent change of tsars, tsardom itself survived and was consolidated as peasantry went through a gradual enserfment. Boris Godunov (1551-1605), brother-in-law of Ivan IVs mentally ill heir to the throne, practically became the Tsar of Russia from 1584-1605. In 1597 a decree made by him to attach peaseants to the land on which they lived and worked with was set out. Peasants could no longer move from one landlord to another as they wanted. This was done in order to keep rural stability in Russia. Godunov formed serfdon in its most oppressive form, while at the same time the rest of Europe was getting rid of domestic serfdom.The Legal Code of 1649, which further legalised the attachment of serfs to the land, came about because the state prepared the serfs with land as presents of compensation for the new nobilit ies, the Dvoryanstvo, but also presents for acts of loyality and military service21The main factor in this development was the governments central bureaucracy, which had expanded significantly by the 1650s. There were many peasants who tried to work on away, becoming fugitives. Anyhow, thousands upon thousands of Russians became enserfed and controlled by other Russians. It was in racial aspects different than the situation of the African slaves in the US. But, like slaves in America, the now legimite serfs also started making riots, some more serious than others. The tsar and the government managed to keep their power though, through the nobility, the Russian Orthodox Church and autocracy.BackwardnessPeter the Great (1672-1725) indirectly separated the Russian serfs culturally from theDvoryanstwo through his westernisation of Russia. He forced the nobility to wear Western dresses, tastes and social customs, ripping the Dvoryanstvo with serfdom even more. In 18th century Russia met allurgical and textile industries used serf labour, and practically all of agriculture used serfs. It was possible to maintain the country with this system of serfs, but from then on Imperial Russia would be backwarded compared to Western Europe with its Industrial Revolution.Russian serfsRussias westernisation was based upon the governing elites of Western Europe like e.g in France, but in 1789 with the cut Revolution at hand, the Russian Tsar would not and could not keep contact with countries like France. When Tsar Nikolas I came to the throne he thought that all contact with Western Europe had to be sensured or stopped.The central tool of the Tsar was His Imperial Majestys Private Chancery. The Third Section was in charge of state security. Tsar Nicholas I (1825-1855) was especially afraid of revolts against him because of the Decembrist revolt in 1825. This was a military protest in St. Petersburg by Russian army officers and intellectuals who had been affected by liberalism i n Western Europe, deriving mainly from France through the Napoleonic Wars. These officers had realised the backwardness of Tsarist autocracy, and now sought to abolish serfdom, as an obstacle to economic prosperity, and modernize Russia through western technical and philosophical ideas. This was, ironically, the same thing that Peter I had wanted to do. The problem this time was that the Tsars autocracy was at stake.Nikolas I regarded the West as his personal enemies, and therefore ordered the Third Section of his Chancery to use censorship and surveillance methods in order to strictly limit reports of events in Western Europe and to suppress criticism of domestic social conditions. The criticism revealed itself through works of people like Alexander Pushkin and Pyotr Chaadaev, but also through the plays of Nikolai Gogol, who satirised the institution of serfdom in his novel Dead Souls. This is highly similar to what was happening in the USA, where Slave narratives like Uncle Toms C abinand other literary publications were scripted by the pro-abolitionists. These works were not censored like in Russia, due to the First Amendment in the United States Constitution Bill of Rights where it is writtenCongress shall make no law()abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.This also clearly shows how completely different the American and Russian society was. In 1858 there were 22.5 million serfs in the Russian countryside. Another 19 million where tied to lands owned by the state. 41.5 million out of a 74 million population22.The everyday life of a slave and serf in the 19th centuryWhile the white americans in the last part of the 19th century enjoyed a better shopworn of living than any other people on earth23, the black americans suffering was below criticism. In Russia conditions were of the medieval kind. The North of the USA was more industrialised, while the South continued their traditional farming. Of course, there was much farming in the North as well, but due to the industry they posessed, they produced almost 90% of the nations manufactured output in the 1850s. Slavery therefore existed only in the South, were there was a supposed need for it. In some defence of the South, only 25% of Southern families owned slaves. In Russia on the other hand, the whole country was based upon the vast countryside. Little industry existed, thus keeping Russian serfs sacrosanct on the fields. The number of serfs was naturally greater than the number of slaves.At least in the beginning of the 19th century auctioning was less brutal. Now dealers and owners advised against splitting up families. It still happened though, and many family members never saw each other again. The splitting up of families ended in Russia with a law of 1833. Most of the slaves were put to do the hard physical work on the cotton fields and farms. The white owners were most often performing hard work themselves, but the slaves were always inferior to them because in need f or money slaves could be sold. In Russia the nobility didnt have to do the hard physical work. The simple and inferior serfs where to do it. numerous slaves turned to Christianity and faith in God. In Russia, where the serfs were mainly Orthodox, the Church told people to withstand their hard conditions patiently. Still many, quite understandably, protested against their owners both through resistance to work and violence against them. In the US this often resulted in a visit to the Lashing House. The Lasher was a legally-appointed functionary to whom slaves were sent with just a letters billhook from the owner as to how many lashes the slave was to recieve. This show that even though few people owned slaves in the South, most of them accepted it to rather big(p) extents.Emancipations comparedThe abolishment of slavery in the USA and the emancipation of the serfs in Russia happened as a consequence of two wars. The American Civil War (1861-1865), where the blacks proved themselves through great acts of courage and valour, and the Crimean War (1853-1856), where Russian serf soldiers, even though brave, could not defeat the Western modern troops of Britain and France. The Civil War was to a significant extent the result of tensions between pro- and anti-slavery states, and as the war progressed slavery became the main theme. The Crimean War was the war of one supposed very strong power, Russia, verses Britain and France. autarky and serfdom against democracy and industrialisation.I find it very interesting to at this moment observe how the Civil War was about the neccesity of victory to abolish slavery, while the Crimean War resulted in defeat and pre-unintendedly led to emancipation of the serfs as the beginning of tremendous reforms. Note also that both wars and emancipations occurred at approximately the same time. lastWhen we look upon how the United States of America and the Russian Empire came to be, there are practically no similarities, except the law making which defined slaves and serfs. By the mid-19th century slaves and serfs possesed almost the same identical status in their societies, which meant not possesing anything at all. The ethnical difference between slaves and serfs thus loses any significance. Both groups where human beings being oppressed by other human beings who acknowledged themselves as being superior.The everyday life of slaves and serfes were both characterised by bad conditions with practically no legal protection. Both slaves and serfs tried some form of riots, both groups consisted of runaways, and physical punishment happened if the owner wasnt satisfied. Suspicion and mistrust was an everyday reality. Both groups experienced auctioning and splitting up of families. Slaves and serfs alike were needed for agricultur in the rural parts of their respective countries. Slave and serf were understood to be inferior to their owners. There was, in quantity, more serfdom in Russia than there was slavery in the US, but in quality they experienced the same discrimination and unrightousness.Even though the slaves came from Africa, and lived as a minority in the USA, they ended up fighting like true heroes for their freedom in the American Civil War. The serfs of Russia where no minority, but actually the majority. They were Russians in bondage. A final comparing of slavery and serfdom would be to try to find out wheter it was worse in the USA or in Russia. I have come to the conclusion that it would be unwise to do so. Both systems consisted of people doing terrible acts against fellow people, black or white doesnt matter. This is also what we should learn from this history, and enlighen ourselves minds to fight this kind of atrocity to ever happen again.

Essay --

Plenty of researchers have done reviews about the impact of cyber warfare to take effect in the recent decades. Voices and opinions are different, when it comes to whether cyber war testament take place or not, with most of the articles claiming that cyber security is alarming towards a negative effect. Like Arquilla & Ronfeldt,(1993) wrote about the climax of cyber war, and further went on to state that industrialization led to attritional warfare by massive armies (e.g., World War I). Mechanization led to maneuver predominated by tanks (e.g., World War II). The information revolution implies the rise of cyber war. However, Rid,(2012) pointed out that cyber war will not take place, clearly delimitate what cyber war entails, and chance upon clear the difference between cyber-attacks and warfare.2.DefinitionsBefore advancing the discussion on whether cyber war will take place or not, definitions of some relevant term should be clear. The definition of cyber space, war, and cyber- attack, to some degree will be helpful to the discussion in this report. Therefore continuing further, one question should be asked what is war? The most concise concept of war was offered by Clausewitz in 1980 (Schweizer, 2009), which has three main elements, namely Violent, instrumental, and political. He went further to concluded that if any aggressive or defensive actions need to be introduced as a war, the criteria and justifications of going into the war has to be met. Violent character is the rst element of war, according to Rid (2012) War is defined as an act of violence to force the enemy to do our will. Wars are violent no matter what scale it is where it takes place and what purpose it aims at. cover to the history of human beings, the wars cause h... ...ources from other countries in the world as Western European countries cannot supply resources abundantly by its own. Then those capital countries launched wars on countries which lagged behind, while industrializing the ir own economy. There is a saying in diplomacy that A country does not have permanent friends, only permanent interests. Applying it in the definition of war, it is pretty clear that wars are for interest and just for interest alone. In the confrontation of two sides, there must be something that both sides inadequacy to fight for, and the benefit of winning the war has to be beyond the loss in the war, if not, war will not take place since double endure situation do not meet the requirement of political benefits. It is quite important to make further illustration as to why cyber war will not take place and it will be discussed in the following as follows.

A Contributing Member of Society :: Law College Admissions Essays

A Contributing Member of Society   My immediate goal is to gain admission to the College of Law. I fill out that I will be able to receive a top-notch education that will allow me to fulfill my potential as a contributing instalment of society.   As a young boy, I dreamed of becoming a police officer or a fireman. Of course, many young boys my age harbored same aspirations. However, I was not attracted to these professions for their obvious action and bravado. What made the people who performed these jobs special to me is that they stood up for others. They protected others when they could not help themselves. For me, they represented justice. In retrospect, I spot these early admirations laid the foundation for my future interest in law.   Another strong influence in my life has been the work of my induce. As a profession agent for the Teamsters Union and later as the president of the Transit Workers Union Local 100, he was always mired in important labor negotiat ions. My father advocated and garnered better wages, benefits, and working conditions for his fellow public employees.   It became clear to me that my father was performing a necessary, if not noble service in helping hard-working people mint a better livelihood. What was hard for me to understand, though, was that he had to fight for this. I asked him why the union was often at odds with the city. He explained that the city government had competing responsibilities to its workers, taxpayers, and the nookie line. In other words, they had to make the transit system run efficiently. The point he was trying to make is that there are two sides to every departure and usually neither side is totally right or entirely wrong. This is a belief that I hold in the highest regard today. It can be applied to everything from labor relations, to a murder trial, and even to situations as relatively trivial as bickering neighbors.   By the time I had reached high instill I was fascinat ed with the social sciences. I relished my classes in civics, government, and history. During the course of my studies in high school I became more interested in the law and thence the practice of it. This interest must have been sparked by my passion for helping people, my fathers work, and societal improvement.

veitnam war :: essays research papers

THE VIETNAM WAR Do you know why the Viet Nam war started, or when it rightfully began? Well, it may surprise you to know that the war actually began shortly after the end of World War II. When WWII ended many countries had taken control of small countries in Asia. Vietnam was controlled by the French, but after WWII Vietnam wanted its independence. France did not want to give up its colonies because they needed the extra income to help remodel its country after WWII. A man named Ho Chi Minh, who declared their independence from the French after the end of WWII, led Vietnam. His resistance rip was first called the Viet Minh, which stood for the Vietnam Independence League (DRV). Ho Chi Minh formed a government called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, although he was a true communist. Vietnam became divided into jointure and South Vietnam, with the French controlling South Vietnam and the DRV the North. As the French moved into North Vietnam fighting broke out and the French b ecame involved in a new kind of war. The planetary in charge of the DRV, a man named Giap used guerrilla warfare to defeat the French. In this type of war the General used small groups of men to kill or wound French soldiers and then run away into the jungle before the French could use a large army to fight back. This fighting lasted for years and the hoi polloi in France did not like having French soldiers killed again as in WWII. By 1954 the French knew that they could not win a war against the DVR. They were defeated in a big battle at Dien Bien Phu and quickly left Vietnam. After this defeat a meeting was held in Geneva Switzerland and Vietnam was divided into North and South Vietnam along the 17th parallel of latitude. This was supposed to last two years and then the people of Vietnam would vote on whether to reunite the country and what kind of government all the people wanted. Well suddenly dominos decide to help decide Vietnams fate. Yes, thats right, you know the game of Dominos. Well Im sure many of you have seen or maybe even tried the trick of standing Dominos up and making all of them fall over. The United States thought of the countries in Southeast Asia as Dominos. They thought that if Vietnam became a Communist country all countries in the region would soon also become Communists.

The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay examples -- racism

The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible homo The narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man views himself as invisible because he believes the demesne is wide-eyed of blind men who thronenot come over him for who is really is. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is treated by snow-covered men as the stereotypical disastrous male - sex-hungry, poor and violent. These white men are completely blind to what erosive men really are. However, as the novel progresses, the narrator finds a sort to remain invisible, yet take power from those who previously held it. Later on, we find that the invisible man eventually develops into a man capable of fighting stereotypes and racism in a very visible way. Through this progression, the narrator is able to beat away racist attitudes. In chapter one, we are introduced to the narrator and quick ly we see that he is being dominated by white confines of racism and stereotypes. The narrator starts by reminiscing about his sort out manner of speaking during his high school graduation. The speech stressed submission as the way for black Americans to advance in the social structure. The speech was so hearty received that the town arranged for him to put on the speech in front of the towns most influential white leaders. In the narrators eyes, the white men are honour his submissive nature. But the reader is presented with the justness of what is actually going on when he arrives to meet these men. First, the white men bring out a defenceless blond woman and force the black boys to look at the women. Some become sexually aroused - playing o... ...ible Man. Ellison places himself in the novel because he is screening how a proactive approach can be taken to approach society is a complex individual. By writing this book and tackling complex ideas of racism, he is making a proactive parting to society. So when the narrator begins to use the dozens and discovers a piece of his cultural heritage, and then he sees in the full light who he really is, he is conveying the idea to anyone reading this book that there is more to African Americans than just violence and slavery. He is forcing others to sleep together him as well as the earthly concern of other beliefs and behaviors of blacks outside of their prescribed stereotypes. So, we see at the conclusion of this progression that the narrator can emerge from his secrete of invisibility, and make a visible difference of opinion in society. The Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay examples -- racismThe Narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man The narrator in Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man views himself as invisible b ecause he believes the world is full of blind men who cannot see him for who is really is. In the beginning of the story, the narrator is treated by white men as the stereotypical black male - sex-hungry, poor and violent. These white men are completely blind to what black men really are. However, as the novel progresses, the narrator finds a way to remain invisible, yet take power from those who previously held it. Later on, we find that the invisible man eventually develops into a man capable of fighting stereotypes and racism in a very visible way. Through this progression, the narrator is able to beat away racist attitudes. In chapter one, we are introduced to the narrator and quickly we see that he is being dominated by white confines of racism and stereotypes. The narrator starts by reminiscing about his class speech during his high school graduation. The speech stressed submission as the way for black Americans to advance in the social structure. T he speech was so well received that the town arranged for him to give the speech in front of the towns most influential white leaders. In the narrators eyes, the white men are rewarding his submissive nature. But the reader is presented with the truth of what is actually going on when he arrives to meet these men. First, the white men bring out a naked blond woman and force the black boys to look at the women. Some become sexually aroused - playing o... ...ible Man. Ellison places himself in the novel because he is showing how a proactive approach can be taken to approach society is a complex individual. By writing this book and tackling complex ideas of racism, he is making a proactive contribution to society. So when the narrator begins to use the dozens and discovers a piece of his cultural heritage, and then he sees in the full light who he really is, he is conveying the idea to anyone reading this book that there is more to African Americans than ju st violence and slavery. He is forcing others to acknowledge him as well as the existence of other beliefs and behaviors of blacks outside of their prescribed stereotypes. So, we see at the conclusion of this progression that the narrator can emerge from his cloak of invisibility, and make a visible difference in society.

School Vouchers: A Harmful Choice Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Ed

School Vouchers A Harmful ChoiceSince entering office in January, President George W. Bush has given discipline reform high priority on his agenda. One element of his four-point initiative involves the implementation of school vouchers. A voucher, as defined in The American heritage Dictionary, is a certificate representing a credit against future expenditures. (The American Heritage) By diverting tax dollars from public schools to private institutions through the use of vouchers, Americas public cultivation system will become less effective, students from low income families will be set further behind, and the First Amendment will be directly violated.The conservative economic expert Milton Friedman first suggested the concept of school vouchers in 1955. He laid out a plan, to return tax monies to parents of school-aged children for tuition use in a diversity of authorized public and private educational settings. (Noll 193) Now, President Bush embraces Friedmans philosophy with his four-point education initiative. In his plan, Bush advocates (1) annual testing in reading and maths in every primary grade (2) empowering schools and school districts to implement reforms and (3) federal government assistance in transition to higher standards. Most significantly, Bush says in his final point, (4) If any school consistently fails to meet minimal standards for three consecutive years, vouchers will be offered so that children can go to the school of their selection, kinda than the choice of the government. (Thomas 1) For the most part, liberal Democrats, such as Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, agree with the first three elements of Bushs proposal but party lines are drawn over vouchers (Thomas 1). nether Bushs proposal, stu... ...homas, Cal. Bush Wont Leave Kids in Bad Schools. The Grand Rapids Press. 26 Jan 2001 A13 pp. Bell and Howell Information and Learning-Proquest. 6 Mar 2001. Vouchers. National Education Association. . 8 Mar 2001. Vouchers disregard B ushs Chance to Unite Rather Than Divide. National Education Association. 23 Jan 2001. . 8 Mar 2001.Voucher Talking Points. Rethinking Schools Online An Urban Education Journal. Fall 1998. . 8 Mar 2001.Walthers, Kevin. reflexion Yes to Vouchers Perception, Choice, and the Educational Response. Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Education Issues. Ed. James Wm. Noll. Vol. 11. Guilford Dushkin/McGraw Hill, 2001. 194-201.The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed. 1992.